Skip to main content

Posts

Examples of Indirect Taxes in india

1. Customs Duty A. When commodities are transferred across international boundaries, customsduty is applied as a tariff or tax. B. Its goal is to safeguard the country's economy. C. Various sorts of duties are imposed under customs rules, including Basic Duty, Countervailing Duty, Protective Duty, Anti-Dumping Duty, and Export Duty. D. Import duties are used not just to generate revenue for the government, but also to regulate commerce. E. In India, import duties are calculated on an ad valorem basis. 2. Sales Tax A. In India, a sales tax is a type of tax levied by the government on the sale or purchase of a certain commodity within the country. B. Sales tax is levied by both the central and state governments. C. It has now been replaced by IGST. 3. Excise Duty A. Excise duty is a commodities tax in the proper sense because it is collected on the manufacturing of products in India rather than the sale of the product. B. Except for alcoholic drinks and narcotics, the central gover...
Recent posts

MAJOR RECOMMENDATIONS of Narasimham Committee- I and Narasimham Committee- II

1. Narasimham Committee- I  A. 4-tier hierarchy for the Indian banking system with 3 or 4 major public sector banks at the top and B. rural development banks for agricultural activities at the bottom C. A quasi-autonomous body under RBI for supervising banks and financial institutions D. Reduction in statutory liquidity ratio E. Reaching of 8% capital adequacy ratio F. Deregulation of Interest rates G. Full discloser banks’ accounts and proper classification of assets H. Setting up Asset Reconstruction fund 2. Narasimham Committee- II This Committee is also known as the Banking Sector Committee. The task of the Committee was to review the progress of the implementation of reforms and to suggest a design for further strengthening of the sector. A. Stronger banking system: The Committee recommended the merger of major public sector banks to boost international trade. However, the Committee warned against merging stronger banks with weaker banks. B. Narrow Banking: Some o...

Important author and books with year for UGC NET and CUET PG economics

Author and books Adam Smith ( 1723-1790)- Father of economics The theory of moral sentiment- 1759 An enquiry into the nature and causes of wealth of nation- 1776 David Ricardo ( 1772-1823) The high price of bullion, a proof of the depreciation of bank notes- 1810 On the principle of political economy and taxation - 1817 Thomas Robert Malthus( 1766-1834) An essay on principle of population- 1798 The present high price of provisions- 1800 Principle of political economy- 1820 Milton friedman (1912-2006) Essay in positive economics - 1953 Studies in the QTM - 1956 A theory of the consumption function - 1957 Capitalism and freedom - 1962 Friedrich Hayek ( 1889-1992) Prices and production - 1935 Economics and knowledge - 1937 Denationalisation of money - 1976 John kenneth Galbraith ( 1908-2006) A theory of price control- 1952 The affluent society- 1958 Money where it comes , where it went- 1975 The nature of mass poverty - 1979 Paul samuelson ( 1915-2009) A note on the pure theory of consume...

MODELS OF GROWTH- Harrod Domar Model

Harrod Domar Model : Harrod gave his model in 1939 and Domar in 1946-47. The main variables in their theory were Investment (I) and Savings (S). Besides this, they explored thed ual nature (demand and supply) of Investment. Investment will create income and hence generate demand (demand effect). On the other hand, investment will add to the production capacity of the economy and hence create supply of productive capital (supply effect). Also according to them, the net investment should continue in the economy. However, income should be able to incorporate the increased investment. Therefore, the theory talks about growth rate of investment and growth rate of income/output. Harrod : “Deepening Aspect of Investment” (Each worker has more tools to work with.) Domar : “Widening Aspect of Investment” (Each worker has more pieces of equipment of the same type.) General Assumptions of the theory: a. Full employment b. No government interference c. Closed economy d. No lags in adjustment e. Av...